Private Network Server

Internet - The largest network in the World -

Computer engineers have been finding ways to connect computers and their devices together in different ways. Computer networking has come hand in hand with the other organs of knowledge, such as telecommunications, computer science and computer engineering. So many things have been made possible through computer networks. It helped people to live an easier life in many ways through the personal area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, and wide area network.

A great example of a wide area network is the champion of all networks, the Internet. And 'the largest network in the world, and billions of data (perhaps trillions) is being transferred every day. So much information is exchanged and has virtually changed the way we live our lives.

Online Training

The usual way to get your education is to enroll in a school, and go to classes on a fixed schedule. Nowadays, we can actually get a college and master the Internet. A lot of reputable universities now offer their courses online because they understand how difficult it is for some students to juggle a job and their schooling. Depending on the program, you can have your own program, and usually it was just required to submit work or before a certain deadline. Sometimes, you have to have real-time chat with you professor and "classmates", sometimes even with a webcam. What's great about this is that you no longer need to go through the hassle of commuting. The good news is that companies have been accepting a lot of candidates with this type of training, but there are still some that are too traditional.

Video games galore

What started as a simple game 2 size is now a multi-billion dollar industry, and has generated a new way of social interaction. Because of the Internet, players are now able to interact with people from all over the world, and play the same game at the same time. This is great because video games have been seen once as anti-social activities. This is no longer true, and now the players not only get to play the game together, but they are able to chat and make new friends as well. Internet gaming has also created a new genre of game called "massively multiplayer online role-playing games", or MMORPGs. This is a supercharged RPG type in which thousands of players can play together in a particular game at the same time.

Social Networking

A lot of websites today allow people to interact and socialize with others with their different instruments and services. Some of them are focused on dating, where users can create their own profile and specify their particular tastes. Other sites are dedicated to people uploading pictures and sharing them with other users as well. This was a great way of connecting with long lost friends and make new ones as well.

It 'nice that the computer network has helped in bringing the Internet. With it, life has become cheaper, and we can learn so many new things every day simply by linking to it. With the Internet, there are certainly more new things to come.

Streaming Technology explained in terms profane -

Various films and on-demand television services that are rampant in recent years have introduced new terminology for many of us who are not experts in technology, and they're just beginning to explore the vast unexplored territory, known as the web worldwide. A term that is practically a household term is streaming. The concept of flow is not new. Radio and television are streaming. Streaming is, simply put, a delivery method for the media. We are able to transmit anything that can be digitized, including music, movies, sports and TV shows.

A statistic that may surprise many people is that 30% of all Internet traffic today is from Netflix stream alone. And over-the-top consumption (OTT) media from distributors like Netflix, Hulu Plus and SuperPass is expected to increase by 60% within the next two years.

To clarify, there are two types of streaming video - live and on-demand. Live streaming is seen on the internet at the same time as a camera captures and digitally encodes the event. progressive streaming is the type of flow that the streaming providers October use. On-demand video are compressed files that are provided by a streaming server. When an end user wants to stream a movie, for example, you select the movie and click a play button. The seller in October then deliver the film requested by specialized software called a streaming server. The streaming server will evaluate what is happening on the end user's media player and make adjustments called buffer to ensure a good viewing experience. The streaming content is not saved on the end user's hard drive. Once the content is streamed, it is not possible to regain access unless the file is requested again from streaming services provider.

also streaming, there is another method of delivery for these compressed files, which is called downloading. When you buy a movie, song or TV show, you download the file from a web server (instead of a streaming server), and save the file somewhere where you can access whenever you wish - usually on hard disk. In general, at least a part of the download must be complete before being able to start viewing the content without interruption.

Downloads can be either rent or purchase. If it is a car, then OTT provider generally gives a certain period of time from the time of rental, in which view the content before the file is deleted. It 'important to note that downloaded files can contain viruses and malware, so be sure that you trust any source from which you download a file.

The media players can take many forms in which streaming or check your booking downloaded. If you look at the contents of your computer, you probably use the media player included with the operating system, or you can download a free player or premium media that the streaming service provider recommends. If you want to watch on your TV, you must use a game console, Blu-ray players, Internet-enabled TV, or a streaming media player that is connected to your TV and your wireless home network. It 'important to ensure that the media player is supported by the intended OTT providers.

Streaming is undoubtedly here to stay as part of our entertainment options. Watch as the technology continues to improve and have more options available to consumers.

Microsoft Access Forms - associated or not associated? -

Microsoft Access is designed for rapid development of applications. A wizard module enables the development of fast and easy application using the Bound modules. The bound form requires little or no programming, and is ideal for the amateur programmer.

The Unbound module requires the use of VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) and ADO (ActiveX Data Objects) or DAO (Data Access Objects) to retrieve and update records.

A Microsoft Access form can have a mixture of fields that are associated or not associated.

The bound form

The Bound form has fields that are connected directly to a database table. Any change to a bound control on a form is immediately updated in the corresponding field of the current record in a table.

The characteristics of the bound form include:

• The module can be configured quickly and easily using the Form Wizard
• The module is a Find, filtering and sorting facility
• the module indicates the number of records and a navigation bar
• module allows the selection, addition, deletion or modification of records
• Under the modules can be installed to handle one-to-many

the disadvantages of bound form

the problems are:

• the default behavior of access can be unacceptable to users - such as automatic saving of fields or records
• cancellation of an update with the Esc key is not easy to use
• there may be performance issues when handling data from the back-end database
• there is the need to explicitly control record locking
• Access error messages are user
• It 'hard to convert to VB.Net bound form
• E' difficult to extract the business rules from the module logic
• Canceling a switch to a field or record may be difficult
• there is no precise point at which a record is saved
• loads network can become a problem
• There is an overhead when combined form is kept open for long periods
• the logic of a bound form can get pretty complex

the combined form validation is done field by field, using the first update event. When the validation involves multiple fields, this is not the easiest way to ensure that the clean data. Multiple events can very easily call each other several times, which can be difficult to cure.

The Form Unbound

The Unbound module provides a better solution and more professional. It is a need for greater efficiency, to extend the number of users and to provide a better control of the application.

The advantages of the unbound form are:

• There is more control in reading and writing record
• There is more control over editing, saving and deleting records
• records can only be updated when all fields are valid
• not user-friendly error handling
• there is greater efficiency in the access logs
• Reducing competition problems (record in problem drug use)
• the integrity of the data can be guaranteed
• the Unbound form is readily converted to a VB.Net project
• Conversion of the back-end database to SQL Server will be easy

In summary

for simple or one-off applications, the bound form is ideal. It can be configured and running in minutes.

For a system of administration Company, in amulti-user environment, the additional work in authoring logic theVisual basis of an unbound form, it will be time well spent.

The advantages of a Personal Firewall -

Do you really believe that your computer is fully protected by the best antivirus program alone? Think again. Not all threats are viral in nature. In fact, computer viruses are just a fraction - albeit a large fraction - of the many forms of security threats these days.

It 'important to protect the system with the best antivirus firewall software, not just an antivirus program alone. The firewall component is as important as the antivirus component, since many other types of malware also pass through various vulnerable ports and openings on the computer.

Despite your efforts to update the anti-virus software and scan your entire computer every day, is undoubtedly considered to be lacking when it comes to ensuring the computer's security and other important information it contains. Many have already been victims of hackers without knowing what went wrong. Despite the awareness of the benefits of an antivirus program of the people, there are still some who are victims of identity theft.

Some might think that a virus is enough to avoid downloading malicious threats software and computers. But, in reality they are wrong. An antivirus program alone is not able to protect the computer user from cybercrime. You also need a firewall, which is a major information technology that protects computers from hackers and is specifically only for end users. With the firewall, the computer should be safe from intrusion by outsiders so that the personal data the user's entire is free.

Apart form the control of computer network traffic, a personal firewall also has many other advantages. For example, the computer will have total control of what comes in and out from the computer. The firewall will show the necessary data regarding a certain program and / or the server that is trying to connect with your computer. It will alert you of any attempt made by a certain application that tries to access the network or the local network.

Your personal firewall filters and possible malicious software scans and alerts the user if there is any outside malicious program that attempts to access the computer. It will act immediately upon detection of suspicious behavior, such as tampering with the user's computer. The personal firewall also hides your computer from scans of automatic doors blocking unauthorized network traffic.

Therefore, it is best not to rely solely on anti-virus scans and frequent computer. As a computer user, you are responsible over to know what the latest technology when it comes to computer protection and security. These days, the safest way to go is to use the best antivirus firewall software that suits your security needs.

Fax receiver Appliances Make Your received fax documents arrive in the mail box -

You are wasting money on paper and toner by fax SPAM and your time colleagues to look at them? Fax Appliance receiver could be the answer to saving costs and speeding up your workflow.

The era of the fax is coming to an end, but not so fast. Faxes are still used to receive orders by fax or by requests from customers.

Instead of having to maintain a full PC with anti-virus, a UPS that is to be replaced every few years and other support costs, a fax Appliance receiver connects directly to a telephone line and to the Ethernet network converting incoming faxes directly to an e-mail in PDF format to send it to a mailbox of a mail server.

A fax Appliance receiver reduces the direct waste significantly and often produces a return on investment of less than a year. This is based on about 20 SPAM faxes a day @ 0.08 cents per page for 365 days a year is equal to a direct savings of US $ 584 per device.

indirect savings from staff is no longer at the research and evaluation of advertising in the fax is likely to be even higher.

workflow faster because the documents no longer need to be collected from the car, but immediately comes to email administrators. e-mail servers can be configured to copy more than one person, so e-mail messages can be picked up while traveling.

A fax machine can be located more securely in the phone or the computer room, away from the dangers of everyday or ill-intent.

every page is an attachment in the mail that can be easily re-distributed or used for input into other applications.

Additional savings come from very low power consumption of the device and high reliability as there are no moving parts to be maintained or paper to be supplied. On average, only 20% of corporate communication in electronic format is actually printed that brings additional savings.

A configuration once the fax machine will run for life, maintenance free if you do not change the address of the mail server. The parameters are stored permanently in the Flash memory and the ignition sequence is less than 10 seconds. remote management via Telnet with login and password protection allows management in any network environment, such as Windows®, UNIX® or Apple®.

A fax Appliance receiver is always ready, does not depend on the operating system updates, antivirus solution Fax as a PC-based or Multi Function Copier It based that require maintenance and a lot of power. When your company has incoming faxes and especially do not want to beat a fax line to every copier / printer a fax Appliance receiver is the most cost efficient solution.

10 multiple choice questions Free - CCNA Practice Exam - 640-802 -

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

After you study your text books it is important to test your newly acquired knowledge and see just how well you have absorbed the material. Practice exams ....

- reinforce what you learned - fill in the gaps of what you missed
- Get you used to answering questions to build confidence and familiarity

Here are 10 different Choice exams questions for you to practice on:

question 1 # - Which of the following are ways to provide login access to a router? (Choose all that apply)

A. HTTP
B. Aux Port
C. Console
D. LLC
E. Telnet
F. SNMP

question # 2 - Which statement is true regarding the user exec and privileged exec mode?

A. They both require the enable password
B. User exec is a subset of the privileged exec
C. The '? 'Only works in privileged exec
D. They are identical

Question 3 # - This modem standard has a speed of 28.8k and has error-correction features.

AV42
BV32bis
CV0
DV34

Questions 4 # - What would be the proper command to set a DCE clock rate of 56k for a serial interface?

A. Router (config) # 500 clockrate
B. Router # clockrate 500.
C. Router (config-if) rate #clock 500
D. Router (config-if ) # clockrate 56k

question # 5 - What is an example of a MAC address?

A. Az32: 6362: 2434
B. BA: 281x: 8288
C. 101: 354: 665: 8734: ffd6: 8023
D. A625: cbdf: 6525

question # 6 - which command does not show that two devices can not route packets between them successfully?

A. show interface
B. track
C. telnet
D. Table

Question # 7 - you are designing a network which needs to support 0 users . You are not going to extend the segment beyond the current number of users. Which subnet mask would best meet your needs? Select the best answer.

A. 255.255.0.0
B. 255.255.255.0
C. 255.0.0.0
D. 255.224.0.0
E. 255 255 255 0

Question # 8 - MAC is to Ethernet what ________ is to Frame Relay.

A. DLCI
B. LCI
C. PVC
D. None of the above

question 9 # - The 802.2 frame specifies a type whereas 802.3 frame specifies a length:

A. true
B. false

question # 10 - what which is used to see if a client is still connected to a NetWare server?

A. spoofing TCP / SAP
B. Watchdog package
C. GNS Round Robin
D. DNS Round Robin

REPLY

Question 1 - correct answers: B, C, E
question 2 - correct answers: B
question 3 - correct answers: A
question 4 - correct answers: C
question 5 - correct answers: D
question 6 - correct answers: A
question 7 - correct answers: B
question 8 - correct answers: A
question 9 - correct answers: A
question 10 - correct answers: B

What is Wardriving and how you can prevent -

Imagine a car equipped with nothing more than a laptop, a handheld GPS receiver, and a wireless network card slowly strolls through your neighborhood. Unknown to any onlookers, this is not an ordinary vehicle; rather, it is a wardriving machine. As the car strolls homes and businesses of the past, a wireless network card (available at any electronics store as low as $ 25) scans for any wireless access points. Anyone with a wireless network (and there are many out there) is vulnerable. The computer is looking for what is called an SSID. An SSID is the name of the wireless network and is continuously transmitted from the access point, letting computers know of its presence. The wardriver uses software like Netstumbler (for Windows) or Cismet (for Linux) to scan the airwaves for SSIDs. The program can monitor various access points immediately and check the signal strength. These programs can also check to see if the network is encrypted. The wardriver generally configure your software to record any clear strong signal. Using the GPS receiver, the coordinates of the strong signal will be recorded. After this preliminary unit, wardriver can return to the positions that have been filed, and the connection to the access point. Once connected to an unencrypted network, the wardriver can use the Internet connection of the victim, and can also explore computers on the network. If the files are shared within someone's private network, all that information is susceptible of a wardriver. In addition, once in the network, a wardriver can intercept network traffic and can display all the information such as passwords and credit card numbers sent to the Internet - even SSL protected data. Wireless network vulnerability is a major problem, and as more and more households buy wireless technology, the problem of insecure networks increases. Sound scary? Well this happens every day, and it does not take an expert to pull out. It does not take an expert to protect against both, though.

steps you can take to protect against wardrivers:

There are a number of very simple steps you can take to protect your wireless network. For many of these, you will have to access the router's configuration utility (check your manual on how to do this, you usually have to type an IP address in the browser such as 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1).

did not broadcast their SSID. If it is broadcasting the SSID, this is the first thing that a program will pickup and recognize. If you configure the router to not broadcast your SSID, it will be difficult to detect (but not impossible, for some software that can intercept wireless communications, so if you are using the wireless network, the SSID can be revealed). If you are not broadcasting the SSID, but it can be guessed (eg if you use a default SSID), cloaking it is pointless. Because of this, it changes your SSID from the factory default. This is not a 100 percent effective method to protect the network, but it is a good first line of defense.

Change the default password. When you buy a router, a default password is stored. People with experience in working with routers know the default passwords for different routers (and the brand of the router can be seen by a wardriver software like NetStumbler). It 'important that you secure your router with a good password.

encrypt wireless communication. I can not stress enough the importance of your wireless communication encryption. Enable encryption and enter a key. Most routers are only capable of WEP encryption, but if they permit, use EAP encryption, is more secure than WEP. How cloaking your SSID, encryption is not 100 percent. Given enough time and determination, if someone wants to hit you and access your network, WEP encryption can be circumvented by using software like AirSnort.

Filter the MAC addresses that are allowed to connect to the router. This would require that you enter the router configuration and enter the MAC address of each wireless card. This way restrict access so that only computers can connect to the router. You will need to obtain the MAC address (which is the individual identification address of a network card in the form of a 12-digit hexadecimal number). If someone sniffs traffic and detects the MAC address of a computer wirelessly using the network, the wardriver could emulate that address and connect to the router, but this takes time.

If you set up file sharing on your computer, make sure it is password protected. It is advisable not to share files on network computers unless they require an authenticated user access. Set the same user account on your machines so that your computers can share files.

With these relatively simple steps, users of the wireless network can protect their networks from wardrivers. Wireless networks are inherently insecure, and these tips will help you protect your network only increased. If someone is really determined to gain access to the network, given enough time, a good hacker can gain access. These tips will deter the wardriver media to access the network, though. Although these methods are not security measures defined, that will change your network from being something that can be hacked in a matter of seconds, something that will have a determined hacker days if not weeks of work, each of which will have to be made while in close proximity to the network.

Telephony - what is it, and why do I need to phone? -

repeatedly been told over and over again it is time to upgrade the telephone infrastructure with telephony equipment. But no one has taken much time to explain why this is supposed to be done. So why is it done? It is a truthful query, but there is not much one right answer. Many companies are similar, but none is in particular identical, then a response that works for one organization may not work at all for another. There is no one-size-fits-all phone package that every company on the planet uses. There's a bunch of research that should be done before choosing what type of telephony answer is true for you and your company.

Internet Protocol telephony provides an approach to extend consistent communications services to all or your staff in their workplaces, whether they are in main campus areas, regional offices, working remotely, or they are movable. IP telephony transmits audio communications over the network using open-standards-based protocol for sharper.

IP telephony networks are an essential part of the telecommunications infrastructure of any organization, which unify voice, video, knowledge and programs wirelessly on mobile systems mounted and enabling employees to speak easily in any terminal using any media, device or operating system. Using the network as platform, Internet Protocol telephony systems facilitate companies of every notice greater security dimension, flexibility and adaptability in addition to the use innate edges of a converged network for transport and interconnection. Users can use Internet Protocol telephony solutions to deliver safe, reliable scalable communications that take advantage of your local area network (LAN) and Wide Area Network and improve dexterity and employee efficiency through assimilation with the programs innovative hardware features and third-party.

Usually, phone systems consist of two categories: the elaboration of the decision and Internet Protocol telephones. IP phones will be wired, wireless or based computers. There are various phone systems for small to mid-sized companies, more for larger medium-sized businesses and enterprise applications. These call processing systems provide audio, video, portability and presence of Internet protocol phones, media processing devices, voice-over-IP (VoIP) gateways, mobile devices, and multimedia applications. IP phones are offered in terms of functionality and style service for cable and wireless receiver for a wide range of programs developed by a number of the best known companies in the telecommunications sector. Softphone can also be found to increase the voice and rich multimedia features for buyers that run on PCs with Microsoft Windows or Mac OS.

: Many phone Product support from a wide selection of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) -primarily based versions features including support for applications based on the presence versions, support for Web Internet protocol phones with enhanced SIP feature support, support for third-party versions of SIP-based mostly phones, SIP trunking, session Border Control, and simplified administration and maintenance.

This system provides a base intended for both wired and wireless IP telecommunications, and includes the power to support several highly proactive controller for simple and value - effective interconnection between independent VoIP systems and analog telephone connections using the existing telephone equipment.

There are totally different ways in which the addition of telephony technology especially for a company, so that it can become perplexed. Companies requirements are all very different, but there is a resolution out there for all kinds of companies. That's where we have a tendency to return. We tend to give the telephony hardware that is reasonable and highly functional. Visit us these days to find out about a number of advantages of this technology would possibly hold for you and your organization, as well as some of the elements to watch for the implementation of your new telephony solution company.

Networking ZigBee -

wireless technologies like ZigBee offer many benefits, but they also present unique challenges when it comes to installation and commissioning. In a wired network, you can follow the wires to determine which switch has control lights. When there are no wires, it is necessary a different method and set of tools to get to the network to operate the way you want. A standards-based protocol

as ZigBee offers clear and significant benefits - interoperable building blocks, a wider range of options for application developers, and no danger of obsolescence due to the use of methods and proprietary solutions.

In addition to a standards-based protocol, the ZigBee Alliance has and continues to provide the controls and standards-based methodology for commissioning ZigBee systems. These will ensure that the instruments and devices can interoperate using the same over-the-air programming commands.

Under ZigBee, there are three major classes of parameters that can be ordered:

• membership, which includes all aspects of how networks and devices to determine which devices are included (or excluded) from a specific network
• groups and associations, which includes all aspects of how devices on the same network logically connected to each other or belong to groups in which logical one-to-many or -a many-many connections are needed.
• Application, in which specific settings are set (as the thermostat levels or programs when the lights come on).

These parameters classes can also be commissioned in sequence. Adhesion occurs first, to ensure that devices together and form the correct network. Groups and associations to guarantee that the devices can connect to the right devices within this network. And finally, the application settings have a duty to ensure correct application behavior.

all the commands necessary to achieve belonging and Groups and Associations commissioning can be found in ZigBee Commissioning Cluster and ZigBee device profile.

ZigBee Commissioning Cluster

The ZigBee Alliance has specified a cluster startup, which provides a standard set of ZigBee over-the-air commands for membership commissioning.

The key control is used to reach the mass membership is the command request Restart device. This command, which can be sent either by a commissioning tool or through another device (such as the coordinator, or a gateway for remote commissioning), indicates a device to start again with a specific startup attributes set.

It 'important to note that a complete set of these attributes (called a boot attribute set or SAS) will determine how a device starts up and choose to be part of a network to join. The SAS can be placed in a device at the place of installation, but by definition, a SAS already exists (pre-programmed) in the device before it arrives.

The SAS includes the following attributes:

• The launcher control, explained below
• The extended PAN ID (or EPID) network (a global network unique identifier) ​​
• the channel mask, which determines which channels the device should search for a network to join
• security information, such as the network key and address of the trust center

the start command is used to determine how the device should join the network:

• as a coordinator, and then start the network with the values ​​of the supplied attributes
• Take any network
• to return to the network with an accurate EPID
• suppose that is already a part of a network with the specific setting values ​​(also known as the start mode connected)

for example, a device with the following values ​​SAS has the most flexibility in being able to join any network (but correspondingly , has the highest risk of entering the wrong network):

• join any
• With a channel mask that allows you to enter the "all channels"
• No network security key

security is an important part of ZigBee, as it provides the means to prevent unwanted monitoring of the system by encrypting all packet communications protocols, 128-bit high-security AES.

An important requirement to provide, for example a secure system is the mass in function of security keys. In addition to ensuring that the devices have the right keys to encrypt and decrypt the exchange of packets, security can also be used to exclude the devices to a network (as a part of the commissioning States).

ZigBee Device Profile

The ZigBee Device Profile (ZDP) provides a set of standard commands can provide (or assist ) in commissioning in the following ways:

• ZDP binding and Managers of the group to offer all the necessary commands to provide commissioning and binding group.
• More Commands for ZDP management can be useful in helping to Mass. For example, the ZDP commands and network discovery service can be used to examine your network and take decisions put into service devices. The ZDP Node Manager can be used to control "Registration Permit" and the theme "Dare" commands to manage in a more direct membership.

Conclusions

In a perfect world, the devices would have commissioned themselves. You could simply turn on, turn them on, and then stand back and watch what network devices work should unite, as security has been working in the network, the device (or devices) that should bind, and which devices should communicate with.

Up to that perfect world comes, it is the commissioning functions can leverage based on standards set by the ZigBee Alliance to help and make the job a lot easier.

5 ways to extend your communication data without -

limits the network is only as effective as its reach - still unbalanced signals like USB and RS-232 can reliably transmit only up to 15 feet, well balanced Ethernet signals are limited to 300 feet. With a growing range of connectivity platforms, modern data networks not only require compatibility and reliability, but also flexibility and expandability. There are many ideal solutions to meet the distance requirements of modern data networks' such as converting unbalanced signals to balanced ones, the distribution repeaters to boost the signal strength, and the hub for the Star-configured connections implementation, while leveraging fully cost-effective and readily available copper wire. For large systems that go far beyond what the copper wires can reach, fiber optic converters can be used to work both conventional point-to-point and daisy-chain configurations / redundant-ring advanced, giving your data network a push in the distance, ranging from 3 miles to hundreds of miles, and greater flexibility, reliability, and expandability. The use of a serial-TCP program is another ideal solution for combining serial communication protocols with modern TCP / IP communication, obtaining advantages such widely available infrastructure and greater distance, reliability and speed.

Point to Point

Mainly used for one-to-one unbalanced signal (RS-232 , TTL and USB, etc.) extension, it can also be used for the extension of the one-to-one optical fiber. It depends on the type of signal, the extended distance is 250 feet (70 m) to 4,000 feet (1.2 kilometers) of copper wire and 3 miles (5 km) to 40 miles (25 km) of optical fiber.

chain (Multi-Drop)

Typically used for multi-drop RS-485 / RS-422 networks, from Master addressable commands can be sent to all slaves , and the addressed slave can respond to the Master through the same cables, thus reducing the system costs. The typical distance of a daisy-chained RS-485 / RS-422 is 4000 feet (1.2 km), and / RS-422 repeater RS-485, this distance may be extended by 4,000 feet (1.2 km).

Stella harness

Due to the nature of the signals and the need for impedance matching, l '/ RS-422, RS-485 network must run on a linear , daisy chains (multi-drop) configuration; However, star-wiring is inevitable in many places. With hubs very well designed, the wiring in star configuration is not only possible; It makes much more robust and reliable system.

Redundant Ring

data networks are critical to the production, safety and the exchange of information, system downtime is very expensive - and even deadly in some situations. With a self-healing redundant additional connection, a system does not break down even if there is a breaking point in the system, as these redundant-ring networks work in both clockwise and counterclockwise. If the link is down in a clockwise direction, the connection counterclockwise will reset the system instantly.

Network

Legacy serial communication protocols such as Modbus merged quickly with the modern TCP communications / IP, obtaining advantages such as widely available infrastructure and a greater distance, reliability and speed. Proper serial-TCP program offers ideal solutions for bridging your serial port COM / existing and TCP / IP without the need to change the protocol. It works perfectly and transparently, just like a pair of passive repeaters; In addition, instead of requiring the installation of cables and converters with limited space, simply it makes use of computers and existing networks with unlimited transmission distance.

Advantages and disadvantages of using MS SQL MySQL Vs -

Two of the most used database systems by web developers today are MySQL and Microsoft MS SQL server. Both are similar as regards to be the storage and retrieval systems. The two systems support primary keys, along with the major indexes that speed up queries and constrain input. In addition, both systems offer some form of support for XML.

Apart from the price, which is the obvious difference, what distinguishes these two systems, and which one is right for you? We overview both products, we point out the main differences and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using them for your business.

Open-source vs. Owner

When it comes to these two databases, the differences begin with the open source nature of MySQL vs. closed, the ownership structure of SQL Server. MySQL is an extensible, open storage engine database, offering multiple variants such as Berkeley DB, InnoDB, MyISAM and Heap. On the other hand, with the Microsoft product, you are limited to a Sybase shunt motor through both good times and bad.

When considering how MySQL works seamlessly with a variety of programming languages ​​and other web-based technologies, certainly has the advantage over MS SQL in terms of compatibility, such as SQL Server is known to work better with other Microsoft products.

license

Contrary to popular belief, the MySQL system is not always free. On the other hand, it is always cheaper. With regard to both products, licensing costs is based on a two-level scheme. With MS SQL, the best way to get a developer license is to buy a license for the Microsoft Developer or Microsoft Visual Studio suite. Both provide you with a license SQL Server for free for development use. If you want to use the product in a commercial environment, you must purchase at least SQL Server Standard Edition - which could set you back more than $ 1,000 for a couple of client connections.

Because MySQL is an open-source system under the GNU General Public License, developers can use at no cost until the associated projects are also open-source. However, if you plan to sell software as a proprietary product, you would need to purchase a commercial license, which costs about $ 400 for up to nine guests. Depending on the project and the funds, MySQL can have the advantage here.

Technical differences

The open-source vs. proprietary battle alone is a major reason why some people choose one over the other system. However, there are some differences from the technical point of view.

For example, MySQL does not offer full support for foreign keys, which means it does not have all the relational features of MS SQL, which is considered a complete relational database. Some versions of MySQL also lacks full support for stored procedures - the biggest disadvantage of being the MyISAM system, which does not support transactions.

Performance

In the performance, MySQL is the undisputed leader, mainly because of the size of its default table MyISAM. MyISAM database to leave a small footprint using little disk space, memory and CPU. While the system runs on Windows platform, without blemish, we tend to perform better on Linux and other UNIX-like systems. Because of its stability, many power plants Internet like Yahoo! using MySQL as the back end database.

When it comes to performance, the strength of MS SQL to be packed with more features than other systems is perhaps its greatest disadvantage. Although most of these features are designed to optimize the performance, they tend to sacrifice other essential elements. Here is the cost and complexity of the hogging resources in the storage mode and memory, which leads to poorer performance. If you lack the knowledge and enough hardware to support a SQL server, it would be better off with another database management system.

Security

These two database systems are more or less stalled with regard to safety. Both are equipped with appropriate safety mechanisms by default, bearing follow the instructions and keep your software updated with security patches. Both operate on known IP ports that unfortunately attracts a wealth of intruders, a downside that can be attributed to both products. The good thing is that MySQL and MS SQL allow you to change the ports in case the default become too vulnerable.

Recovery

As far as the recovery goes, SQL Server has a definite advantage over MySQL, which it tends to fall a bit 'short with its MyISAM configuration. A UPS system is mandatory with MyISAM as it assumes the uninterrupted operation. Should there be a power outage, which could lead to corruption and loss of critical data. With SQL Server, data corruption is more unlikely. The data travels through various checkpoints in the transition from the keyboard to the hard drive and through the monitor. In addition, SQL Server keeps track of the process, even if the system stops so sudden.

The best choice

As you can see, both systems have their advantages and disadvantages. From our point of view, any product that allows you to be efficient is a good database; something different that is not worthy of your time and frustration. When it comes to MySQL and MS SQL, the decision all comes down to the situation and, above all, what you're trying to accomplish.

Web Hosting Bandwidth - How much bandwidth will you need? -

Bandwidth in its simplest terms refers to the amount of data sent to and from the visitors through a website during a period of time, usually measured in a month. Like many website newbies are confused about how the wide bandwidth and many of them asked me many times on how much bandwidth will be his / her web site needs, in this article, I will explain this technical term clearly.

What is the bandwidth?

When you visit an online site, you are actually downloading a file, which can be an HTML page, a GIF image, a video file, a Flash file or a combination of all these. By downloading these files to your computer via the web server, users are able to view your website through the web browser. Every time a user downloads a file, it can be translated into the data is transferred through the server. And depending on the size of your web page, the data transferred might be different. For example, the size of your homepage is 1 KB, whenever people see this particular page will cost you transfer data 1 KB. If there are 100 visitors get through the home page every day, then 100 KB of data will be transferred to the day, 3000 KB per month. Of course, calculate how much bandwidth will your website requires is not so simple.

How much bandwidth will your website need?

When comparing different web hosting packages from different web hosting companies, you may notice that the allotted bandwidth various greatly, from a very small amount of bandwidth for broadband or even unlimited . Therefore, it may be difficult for you to choose the right solution with adequate bandwidth. How much bandwidth is more suitable for you anyway? Good. I think you should take these three factors into account: a. How many visitors will visitor your website? b. How many web page will see visitors? c. The size of webpage files, especially if there is large image files or video files in your web site. For example, if an average size of a web page (pictures included) is 50 kilobytes and each visitor to your website viewed an average of 4 pages per month, 5,000 unique visitors to your website every month, so the total amount of bandwidth will 50KB * 4 * 5000 about 1 GB. This figure is reasonable, however, it is also a wise choice to go for provider that offers at least 2 GB and prepare for any eventuality. And this is a rough estimate, that is to say that it is not necessary to download images every time the visitor makes a stroke to your website, since the browser stores the repeated images on the computer. You should think carefully about your situation, if you plan to launch a forum, then it will cost your more bandwidth than regular websites.

web site that provides download file is more bandwidth they consume
Although the bandwidth of 2 GB may be sufficient for the average personal blog website with simple content, simply is not to allow downloading files on your web site. If you are planning to provide music files, pdf files, flash files or video files for visitors to download then they are required to provide the bandwidth more for the download process. You can calculate the bandwidth required with the following formula: bandwidth required = [(Average Page Views x Average Page Size x Average Monthly Visitors) + (Average Download per month x Average File Size)] If the supplied files are huge in size, then you will run out of bandwidth in a very short period of time. Take 2 gigabytes of bandwidth, for example, if your site offers a video file that is 4megabyte in size, you will be able to serve up 5 times hundreds of downloads, that does not take into account only the HTML file. And a 4 megabyte video file only shows a short period of time. So you should make sure that the monthly bandwidth will be able to meet your needs to anticipate.

Hosting is more than just bandwidth
If you are looking for a website hosting plan, you need to consider a lot of other factors than just the bandwidth . How about the use of the other resource, such as CPU, RAM, as well as the connection to the database? These are also important bandwidth capacity. As a matter of fact, without sufficient resources on these aspects, unlimited bandwidth is mere facade. In addition, you should never neglect the server stability, server uptime, server speed and etc and also put the eyeball for a complete guarantee of 30 day money to safeguard yourself if you are not completely satisfied with the service.

Final Words
Knowing what you expect to achieve will allow you to know what you need. It 'important to get an idea of ​​your website future development before shopping around for hosting packages. Knowing what you intend to do with your site, you will have a good understanding of how much bandwidth you're going to use. The if you plan to set up a much more complicated and huge web site with: a lot of video, music and large files in Flash, then you can be a good choice to go with a reliable dedicated server and have more control over the server color: as you may be charged a lot if you exceed the bandwidth provided by the shared web hosting company. If you are going to create a new small website that does not require a lot of bandwidth, so you may want to sign up with a little 'cheap web hosting packages offer sufficient bandwidth to meet your websites.

What drives Information Technology - technology

information generally refers to all forms of technology used for creating, storing, sharing and use of data, speech and all multi-media forms of communication. With computer technology constantly evolving and improving, companies are driven by the need for the right system that is based on the requirements and objectives of their business. They are considered business allies in an economy based on information.

What drives information technology is the competition in the business environment and the progression of computer technology that is a part of. The technical systems involve various forms of many state of the art devices that help in transmitting information to the operators transfer this information to their decisions in the organization's operations.

There are many forms of information technology such as computers, sensors, robots and decision support systems. The last one to be used in the market today are handheld to help managers and subordinates to support their daily operations in the office. Because of the appearance of various technology of the accounting system, Electronic Data Process Audit now also known as Information Technology Audit was launched to satisfy the need for control of technology and as a response to use of 'computer skills for services attestation.

Information technology has revolutionized business operations. In modeling the structure and organization of work functions, plants, and office, modern information technology is considered one of the main promoters of many industries. When it comes to technology, it brings up a whole world of computers and the Internet. It also asks for terms like intranet servers, security, firewalls, and network. Other terms in the jargon are Ethernet, VoIP and more.

Computer science is not always alluded to computers, but of which the oldest of the information processor, which is the brain. Technology is perhaps the scientific attempt to imitate human brain efficiency in communication functions and information storage. So it is essentially the communication, storage and processing of information that meets the users' purposes.

Through the use of high technology in the form of state of the art computers and software systems, communication is well managed. Some companies refer to its Information Technology Department as MIS or Management Information Services. Large companies have the greatest needs for information technology departments with responsibility for the largest information storage, information security, information processing, information transmission, as well as information retrieval. IT contributes to the success of these companies is how it works along side their human resources in the implementation tasks of the organization, reducing costs and opening up new possibilities that have never been tried before by the company.

When the best of science and technology is combined, what results is as powerful as the progress of today's technology. So powerful is that it is not just a part of human life - which dominates. It lets him know every second of its existence

operating system - and its programming categories -

Scheduler is the most critical system of an operating system. In order to optimize the use of processors, different scheduling algorithms are used. When the system has several processes to be performed, it must have an ability to make decisions on what process to run at a given time interval. This strategy should take into account the concepts to maximize throughput while minimizing latency and also avoiding process hunger etc. Many scheduling algorithms are widely used nowadays.

Planning is the basic concept of the design of the operating system. In multiprogramming, the processes that are loaded into the main memory strive for the resources of the processor time es. During execution of a process, other processes to wait to occur any event or for an I / O to be performed. regulates planning the execution of these processes ie what process will run and which process will wait. The objectives that must be met by the scheduling algorithm include efficient use of processor time, throughput and turnaround, responsiveness and fairness. OS can be categorically divided into three different types of programming: the long-term planning that is, the short-term and medium-term planning programming.

Have multi-user systems can simultaneously perform a hundred applications, but these systems provide some isolation between users. However, the absence of isolation can lead some users to perform poorly or intentional or unintentional DoS (Denial of Service). In recent cluster computing, these problems can be easily avoided by using the concept of jobs and scheduler activity. This refers the job until the resources are available and program after the availability of all possible resources.

Categories:

An operating system may be the most well known software that you run on our personal computer, is the one that takes care of pretty much everything on your computer, while almost all computer systems that we have seen are actually a 'type' of the operating system to perform exactly the same functions. OS could be branched in a number of types too. Within the broad group, there are many types of operating system that are mainly classified according to the type of computer systems that control and also the type of programs that claim.

Depending on the nature of the domain, operating system can be broken down into some of the following types.

1. Real-time OS:

A real-time operating system (commonly known as RTOS) is specifically designed to serve the application requests in real time. The main feature of a real time operating system is its consistency level that it takes to accept and finish any task of the associated applications.

2. Embedded OS:

Embedded systems are systems commonly limited resources and response time is a requirement extremely significant. Since the most important parts of embedded real-time OS, the scheduling algorithms are presented to improve the real-time embedded systems. The most existing real-time scheduling algorithms are based on processes with little consideration on system resources.

3. Network OS:

The network operating system (NOS) is the software that is installed on a server and it allows the data management servers, groups, users, applications, security, and many other network activities. The network operating system is designed to allow you to share files and access to the printer among multiple computers in a network, usually a local area network (LAN), private network or other networks.

4. Mobile operating system:

A mobile operating system (mobile OS) is designed to control a smartphone , tablets, PDAs, or other mobile device. Modern mobile operating system combining the features of a personal computer operating system with touch screen, mobile phone, Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, voice recognition camera, voice recorder, music player, Near Field Communication and personal digital assistants (PDAs), and many other features.
In 06, Windows Phone, Android, Bada and IOS have not yet been developed, and just 64 million smartphones were then sold. Today, nearly 10 times the number of smartphones are already sold and the best mobile operating system was promoted as a "smartphone" by the market share which includes BlackBerry, Android, Symbian, Apple, iOS, MeeGo, Bada and Windows Phone.

5. Distributed OS:

A distributed operating system is the logical combination of the OS software on a set of independent computing nodes in the network, connected, communicating, and physically distinct. The collection of management components and micro-kernel work together. They provide support for the goal of integrating various system resources and processing capabilities into an effective and established system.

In this article, was performed a review of the study of different operating system. The ease of techniques that are used supports the claim that the scheduling algorithms provide easy to use, highly flexible and the most optimal solution to any problem related to the ordinary work sequencing. This work can be extended to consider, examine and evaluate the dynamic scheduling algorithms and in particular domain sequencing work problems.

The CCNA Voice and Cisco Unified Communications for Small -

If you have not heard, Cisco has a cost-effective solution Small Business Unified Communications. E 'consists of two components, Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (CME) and Cisco Unity Express (CUE). CME is the engine of the call processing. UC Manager Express runs on an Integrated Services Router (ISR) and does not require a dedicated server. The same ISR router can be used to access the Internet, the corporate wide area network (WAN) and Virtual Private Network (VPN). Depending on the router, UC Manager Express supports between 8-250 IP phones. It supports most IP phones and also supports softphone, IP Communicator.

CUE is the Cisco voice mail solution for the ISR router. E 'can support between 12 to 250 mailboxes. CUE comes both as a network or integration module Advance (AIM). Both platforms support features such as Integrated Messaging, which allows users to see their voicemail in email. With Unity Express you can create multiple auto attendants and play different greetings based on time of day. Other interesting features supported by Unity Express include fax integration, Live Reply, Direct Record, VoiceView and notification messages remotely.

When combined together, these two products provide a powerful communication solution for small and medium-sized businesses.

Communications Manager Express is one of the main themes in the new Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Cisco specialization for the Voice exam. Candidates will need to know how to design and implement Communications Manager Express and Unity Express. After completing CCNA Voice students can pursue the Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP). The CCVP is one of the highest-paying professional-level certifications.

Bathrooms: Create a Declaration Cloakroom with Wow Wallpaper - Do not overlook the locker room in your quest for a super-stylish stay - , it is the ideal place to to please yourself. Instead of tiles and paint, why not go OTT on a fabulous wallpaper? In fact, these four small walls are the ideal space to hang some models brash, bold and courageous in fantastic colors and patterns. Really, anything goes ... Bathrooms: Create a Declaration Cloakroom with Wow Wallpaper Bathrooms: Create a Declaration Cloakroom with Wow Wallpaper

Bathroom Ideas: Why a classic black and white scheme is always a winner - There is something so easy a set of black and white colors, especially in the room bath. For one thing, you do not need to spend hours poring over maps of color and paint palettes; for another, black and white suit any bathroom style, whether modern or ultra-super traditional. You may feel a monochrome palette is too tough or masculine, but before rejecting the idea, look at how these two colors can be used in many different ways and striking. Bathroom Ideas: Why a classic black and white scheme is always a winner Bathroom Ideas: Why a classic black and white scheme is always a winner

Belkin N0 Vs Netgear N0 Router - that suits your need? -

Netgear WNDR3400 N0 is one of the Netgear router with a high-performance category including WNDR3700, 37AV and 3300. WNDR37AV can replace WNDR3700. Netgear high-performance routers are designed for fast download and play smooth performance.

Belkin also introduces new Belkin N0 routers including Belkin N0 F7D8302 and F7D8301 Play N0 HD game. Both these routers Belkin N0 are new products. Both are equipped with USB port that allows you to share storage or a printer. In the case of building a wireless network at home, including Netgear WNDR3400 N0 and N0 Belkin F7D8301 which one is best for your needs?

To build a home wireless network with the existing modem (either cable or DSL), you need a wireless router to share your broadband Internet access and other network resources such as storage and sharing printer. First you need to decide which is best for your needs, first you must know their characteristics. To make the long short words, Belkin N0 F7D8301 HD is written as Belkin N0 and N0 Netgear WNDR3400 wireless router is written as Netgear N0.

wireless technology

Both Belkin and Netgear routers are powered by the latest 802.11n wireless technology technology of MIMO smart antennas for remote cover faster and longer. The routers also support simultaneous dual-band frequency is 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. Belkin uses dual-plane antennas to provide large coverage at home.

LAN and WAN interfaces

Belkin N0 is equipped with Gigabit ports for transferring data at high speed. With gigabit ports, you can play multiplayer smoothly and responsibly. Netgear N0 is equipped with Fast Ethernet 10 / 100Mbps - no gigabit ports. This is fast enough for normal wired connection to computers, but not fast enough for high data transfer speed, video streaming and multiplayer games.

USB port

Belkin N0 routers are integrated with two USB ports for external storage and sharing of the printer at the same time. The router supports USB hard drives that are formatted in FAT 16/32 and NTFS file system.

Belkin also includes Torrent Mate App that allows you to manage the download from Torrent to keep downloading even when the computer shuts down. The router also includes print Zone App to help you manage print jobs from any computer within the network wirelessly.

The Netgear N0 includes a USB port, but it was not designed to share the printer. The port with its ReadySHARE technology is used to share the USB memory access that supports FAT16 / 32, NTFS read / write. If you need to share the printer on the network, you need to add a print server. So, if the printer is very important in the network, it is best to choose the Belkin N0 router.

Secure Guest Access

Belkin N0 supports single SSID for the wireless network name. But Netgear N0 supports multiple SSID. With multiple SSIDs you can create separate security boundary for guests secure access. Multiple SSID and secure guest access is ideal for offices where business partners / visitors often come to your office and require the wireless internet from their laptops.

So if the different security policies for different user groups are needed, is the Netgear N0 router. Netgear N0 also includes parental control access to live clean internet. But to the home network, Belkin N0 may be the preference router with the ability to share the storage and printer at the same time.

Other features of the Belkin N0 and N0 are almost the same Netgear QoS including wireless security WPA / WPA2, based NAT and SPI firewall, quality of service (QoS) and WMM (wireless multimedia ).

Knowing the manufacturer's specifications is very important in deciding to buy the router for wireless network environment. Belkin N0 router might be the best home for your needs, but may not be appropriate for office environments.

For Ki Grinsing

Facts About LAN Cables and connectors -

LAN (s) or local networks are the small set of connections to which the users of home and office computers first connect . LAN networks facilitate the sharing of printers, drives and files at the same time regulating the exchange to and from the Internet.

Despite the fact that the "Wi-Fi" connections are becoming so prevalent, the use of LAN cables still attached specifically for large networks with wireless networks and combined wired. This type of network system has a very important role in the overall functioning large networks. So, before you build a large network system, you must know and understand how to manage well a cable network.

It is required to create a fast LAN to support current and future needs of its services and network applications. Traditionally, UTP or twisted pair structured cabling system Unshielded twisted provides fast, reliable connections using high-speed technology - Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet (GE). For the potential development of the cable network, the backbone of GE LAN cabling is recommended. Using GE or even faster Ethernet and optical fiber backbone is mandatory in the fast inter-LAN spread.

In order to have an endless wire connection high performance and perfectly designed for cabling system is necessary. There are sets of standards and requirements of creation of a system for the computer network. LAN cables commonly used in the network are classified into wire coaxial cable, shielded twisted pair (STP) and unshielded twisted pair (UTP "") cables. On the other hand, the coaxial type is more used in the current time because of the fast Ethernet period where the UTP cables are the most popular.

In addition, users of networks can be connecting with one of the many classes of LAN connectors on the type and age of the device. No matter what type of connector is used, the LAN connectors perform a similar function that is transmitting data between the network and the connected computer. Sending data via the LAN connector, the computer can share and exchange information with other computer drives. They can also obtain information on devices located throughout the world, as long as it has access to the Internet. The connector uses the protocol depending on the type of network to which the device is connected. However, the majority of connectors up to date breaking the data into packets or smaller segments. In addition, they indicate an IP, or Internet Protocol address corresponding to the packet and send it through the system cable connected up.

Regardless of the type of LAN connector, be it wired or wireless type, coaxial or Ethernet, is the main crossing point of the Internet, local computer equipment and network connections. Computers are still the main channel to access the Internet and the most important means for operation and Internet service design, and these connectors have an important role in the progress of computer technology.

Many users enjoy the application of cables and LAN connectors, because they are the main link between a computer device and local networks and Internet. Users can exchange and share information, music, movies and files with users either locally or from any connected device in the world. However, apart from the benefits and importance of the LAN, using the system comes with risk. The user can produce the possibilities of electronic violation; Also any computer on the network can meet the hacking threats by other users.

data recovery services field -

Losing a document or an important file is enough to rob us of a peaceful night's sleep. If we lose or be able to access data due to a system crash or computer virus, it is time to invest in a strategic and convenient service data recovery. As opposed to prevention and backup, data recovery is a remedy. This process can reduce the risk of data loss at the lowest.

data recovery services are complete processes involved in recovering data from desktop drives, portable drives, external drives, servers, RAID systems, network storage devices (NAS), Storage Area Network (SAN) devices, flash drives and camera support.

data recovery services Scope
There are various forms and repercussions of data loss, so as to divide the field according to different symptoms:

• problem with the system: This is caused by inability to log on or off the system and displaying abnormal behavior. There are various reasons for this anomaly and we need to take appropriate recovery methods. Reasons for these symptoms may be a lost or damaged files, bad track on the hard drive, or MBR DBR is lost or CMOS settings are not correct.
• Bad track on hard drive: Tracks can be either logical or physical. While the logical tracks can be restored by a data recovery software, physical damage of the tracks can be restored in part by changing the partition or sector. backups must be done to ensure minimal physical damage.
• allocation problem: If a partition can not to be identified or access, or be made unformatted, suitable partition recovery services should be distributed.
• file loss: If your important files are lost because of deletion, disk format or a clone error, file recovery services should be administered in the system to recover lost files.
• file repair: For some reasons, some files can not be accessed or used. Furthermore, they may contain some characters that make it inaccessible. In these cases, a special file recovery tools should be used to restore files.

Data Recovery Service Tips: Some have made and Don'ts
measures may be to minimize the blow when a computer failure happens. Understand and recognize the warning signs can make a significant difference for a successful data recovery operation.

Do

• essential data backups frequently.
• If there is any problem with your computer, turn it off immediately.
• If there is any unusual noise from the unit, turn it off immediately.
• proper caution must be taken when sending the unit to a data recovery specialist. further damage can occur if the unit is poorly packaged.

can do

• Not assume that data recovery services are impossible. Even in the worst case, data recovery specialists are generally able to recover valuable data.
• is not advisable to tamper with the hard drive.
• The computer must be protected from all shocks and vibrations.
• We should not subject the unit to extreme temperatures.

OffSiteBackups has a high success rate and one of the fastest delivery times in the industry. Access the web site for a wide range of data recovery services.