As the work of the geographical network development was underway in the early 1970s that lead to the birth of the internet, has also developed the TCP / IP protocol. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and IP stands for Internet Protocol. The adoption of TCP / IP protocols such as Internet Protocol led to the integration of networks into one large network that has grown rapidly hitting a mark of about 2.267 billion of users, such as at the end of December 2011 (Internet World Stats). Today we have many service protocols of co-existing applications with TCP / IP as the underlying protocol.
TCP / IP is a transport protocol. Can be used to directly support applications or other protocols you can be layered over TCP / IP to provide additional capabilities. These protocols include:
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - Used by web browsers and web servers to exchange information. On the other hand when you need a secure connection, SSL (Secure Socket Layer) protocol or its successor Transport Layer Security protocol (TLS), which uses encryption is used to create a secure connection through the web browser, but this once it uses HTTPS instead of HTTP.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - Used to send and receive e-mail via the TCP / IP protocol. Thanks to its limitation in message queuing is normally used with other protocols such as POP3 or IMAP.
- Telnet (Telecommunication Network) - Used to connect to remote hosts via a telnet client. This results in making the computer a virtual machine while working on the remote computer as if it were on your desktop.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - Used to transfer files from one host to another using FTP client software on a TCP / IP network.
- NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - Used to transport news articles between news servers.
TCP (Transport Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both Internet protocols used for the transport of data. IP (Internet Protocol) works as the underlying protocol of the Internet virtual network. It is under UDP and TCP protocols. IP datagram provide the basic transmission mechanisms for all TCP / IP networks. This includes internet, ATM, local area networks such as Ethernet and token ring networks. TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. It establishes the connection before data transmission and data can flow in both directions. UDP is a datagram protocol with limited functionality. It has no guarantee of arrival on the other end of the message. The datagram packets arrive at their destination in any order and must be reassembled. Sometimes UDP is preferred over TCP in which there is a small amount of data to transmit then the amount of data received at the destination does not occupy much time to reassemble causing to be faster. UDP is also a preferred choice in the sending of data packets that do not need to reply. It also provides a checksum functionality to ensure that all data has arrived.
application protocols sit on top of the two constituent elements of the Internet protocols; namely UDP and TCP. These two protocols have a single compromise. UDP provides a simple forwarding protocol message that omission failures, but has minimal costs due to the fact that there must be accountability for the failure of the message relay. This protocol is often used for transmission; such as streaming video. TCP is guaranteed message delivery, but at the expense of additional messages with very high latency and storage costs.
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